In some countries, women are paid less than men for the same work. The employer' s argument in places 11 this happens is that men usually have a wife and children to support and women usually have 12 . They say that most women workers are either unmarried and have no one to support, 13 have husbands who also work and bring home money, so that it would be 14 for them to be paid as much as a man who has a wife 15 does not work because she has several children at home to look after. This 16 is quite true; but you do find some men workers who are unmarried and have no one to support, and some women workers who are widows and have children to support. Other women workers, 17 they have no children, may have old or 18 parents and young brothers and sisters who cannot yet work. The fact is that the problem of paying workers 19 to their family needs cannot be solved simply by giving the men more and the women less. The answer is to pay both 20 , and to leave it to the state justice is done by means of taxation and allowance.

Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving and interweaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter (木匠) has the skill of joining together different shapes and size s of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as "workmanship"(技艺) . Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies (旋律) and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, that is, if the workmanship is poor, the final result will not be to standard. Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly. Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be “the newer the better”, the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.

For Americans, time is a “resource” that, like water or coal, can be used well or poorly. “Time is money,” they say."You only get so much time in this life; you' d best use it wisely." The future will not be better than the past or the present unless people use their time fro constructive, future-oriented activities. Thus, Americans admire a “well- organized" person, one who has a written list of things to do and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and treasures other people' s time. The American attitude towards time is not necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to consider time as something that is simply there around them, not something they can “use” . One of the more difficult things many foreign businessmen and students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day. In their efforts to use their time. Wisely, Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons, unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life. "They are like little machines running around," one foreign visitor said. The emphasis Americans place on efficiency is closely related to their concepts of the future, change and time. To do something efficiently is to do it in the way that is quickest and requires the smallest investment of resources. American businesses sometimes hire "efficiency experts" to review their operations and suggest ways in which they could accomplish more than they are currently accomplishing with the resources they are investing. Popular periodicals carry suggestions for more efficient ways to clean house, raise children, tend the yard, and so on. In this context the “fast-food industry” can be seen as a clear example of an American cultural product. McDonald' s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and other fast-food establishments prosper in a country where many people want to minimize the amount of time they spend preparing and eating meals. The millions of Americans who take their meals at fast-food restaurants cannot have much interest in lingering over their food while conversing with friends, as millions of Europeans do. As McDonald' s restaurants have spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. The typical American food, some restaurants have spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. The typical American food, some observers argue, is fast food.

Online learning is also called distance education, which helps students who take classes by computer over the Internet to learn certain courses and earn a degree. And it has become more and more popular with both young people and educational institutions. The School of Continuing and Professional Studies of New York University in Manhattan began online classes in 1992. Its Virtual School has taught more than 10,000 students from across the United States and other countries. Last year, the school launched NYU Online. It offers NYU' s first online programs for a bachelor' s degree. Programs are offered in three areas: leadership and management, information systems management and social sciences. The classes are highly interactive, where students communicate with each other and their teachers. Some classes require students to log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor. Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects. The cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student is to take. It costs as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year. NYU offers no financial aid for international students in this program. If you are interested in the program, you can get more details atthewebsite:www.nyu.edu.Manyotherschools,too,offeronlineeducation.Studentsshouldbeespeciallycarefulofprogramsthatofferadegreeinreturnforlittleornowork.Theseareknownasdiplomamills,andareillegalintheUnitedStates.Educationaladvisersalsosaythatbeforeyouenteranyprogram,makesuretheworkwillberecognizedinyourcountry.Youshouldalsomakesuretheschoolsyouare consideringareofficiallyapproved.